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Sea Otter Anatomy & Physiology
Chai, H., Lee, J. J. W., Constantino, P. J., Lucas, P. W., & Lawn, B. R. (2009). Remarkable resilience of teeth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(18), 7289-7293.
Costa, D. P., & Kooyman, G. L. (1982). Oxygen consumption, thermoregulation, and the effect of fur oiling and washing on the sea otter, Enhydra lutris. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60(11), 2761-2767.
Morrison, P., Rosenmann, M., & Estes, J. A. (1974). Metabolism and thermoregulation in the sea otter. Physiological zoology, 47(4), 218-229.
Sea Otter Ecology
Erlandson, J. M., Rick, T. C., Estes, J. A., Graham, M. H., Braje, T. J., & Vellanoweth, R. L. (2005). Sea otters, shellfish, and humans: 10,000 years of ecological interaction on San Miguel Island, California. In Proceedings of the sixth California Islands symposium (pp. 58-69). Arcata, California: Institute for Wildlife Studies.
Estes, J. A., Riedman, M. L., Staedler, M. M., Tinker, M. T., & Lyon, B. E. (2003). Individual variation in prey selection by sea otters: patterns, causes and implications. Journal of Animal Ecology, 72(1), 144-155.
Estes, J. A., Tinker, M. T., Williams, T. M., & Doak, D. F. (1998). Killer whale predation on sea otters linking oceanic and nearshore ecosystems. science, 282(5388), 473-476.
Estes, J. A., & Duggins, D. O. (1995). Sea otters and kelp forests in Alaska: generality and variation in a community ecological paradigm. Ecological Monographs, 65(1), 75-100.
Estes, J. A., & Palmisano, J. F. (1974). Sea otters: their role in structuring nearshore communities. Science, 185(4156), 1058-1060.
Fujii, J. A., Ralls, K., & Tinker, M. T. (2015). Ecological drivers of variation in tool-use frequency across sea otter populations. Behavioral Ecology, 26(2), 519-526.
Johnson, C. K., Tinker, M. T., Estes, J. A., Conrad, P. A., Staedler, M., Miller, M. A., … & Mazet, J. A. (2009). Prey choice and habitat use drive sea otter pathogen exposure in a resource-limited coastal system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(7), 2242-2247.
Monson, D. H., Estes, J. A., Bodkin, J. L., & Siniff, D. B. (2000). Life history plasticity and population regulation in sea otters. Oikos, 90(3), 457-468.
Riedman, M. L., & Estes, J. A. (1988). A review of the history, distribution and foraging ecology of sea otters. In The community ecology of sea otters (pp. 4-21). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Simenstad, C. A., Estes, J. A., & Kenyon, K. W. (1978). Aleuts, sea otters, and alternate stable-state communities. Science, 200(4340), 403-411.
Tinker, M. T., Bentall, G., & Estes, J. A. (2008). Food limitation leads to behavioral diversification and dietary specialization in sea otters. Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences, 105(2), 560-565.
Sea Otter Conservation and Social Factors
Gregr, E. J., Christensen, V., Nichol, L., Martone, R. G., Markel, R. W., Watson, J. C., & Chan, K. M. (2020). Cascading social-ecological costs and benefits triggered by a recovering keystone predator. Science, 368(6496), 1243-1247.
Burt, J. M., Wilson, Ḵ. I. B. J., Malchoff, T., Mack, W. T. K. A., Davidson, S. H. A., & Salomon, A. K. Enabling coexistence: Navigating predator‐induced regime shifts in human‐ocean systems. People and Nature.
Estes, J. A., & Carswell, L. P. (2020). Costs and benefits of living with predators. Science, 368(6496), 1178-1180.
Bodkin, J. L., Esslinger, G. G., & Monson, D. H. (2004). Foraging depths of sea otters and implications to coastal marine communities. Marine Mammal Science, 20(2), 305-321.
Bodkin, J. L., Ballachey, B. E., Cronin, M. A., & Scribner, K. T. (1999). Population demographics and genetic diversity in remnant and translocated populations of sea otters. Conservation Biology, 13(6), 1378-1385.
Chadès, I., Curtis, J. M., & Martin, T. G. (2012). Setting realistic recovery targets for two interacting endangered species, sea otter and northern abalone. Conservation Biology, 26(6), 1016-1025.
Doroff, A. M., Estes, J. A., Tinker, M. T., Burn, D. M., & Evans, T. J. (2003). Sea otter population declines in the Aleutian archipelago. Journal of Mammalogy, 84(1), 55-64.
Estes, J., Hatfield, B. B., Ralls, K., & Ames, J. (2003). Causes of mortality in California sea otters during periods of population growth and decline. Marine Mammal Science, 19(1), 198-216.
Estes, J. A., Doak, D. F., Bodkin, J. R., Jameson, R. J., Monson, D., Watt, J., & Tinker, M. T. (1996). Comparative demography of sea otter populations. Endangered Species Update, 13(12), 11-13.
Estes, J. A. (1991). Catastrophes and conservation: lessons from sea otters and the Exxon Valdez. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin, 2.
Estes, J. A. (1990). Growth and equilibrium in sea otter populations. The Journal of Animal Ecology, 385-401.
Larson, S., Jameson, R., Etnier, M., Jones, T., & Hall, R. (2012). Genetic diversity and population parameters of sea otters, Enhydra lutris, before fur trade extirpation from 1741–1911. PLoS One, 7(3).
Johnson, C. K., Tinker, M. T., Estes, J. A., Conrad, P. A., Staedler, M., Miller, M. A., … & Mazet, J. A. (2009). Prey choice and habitat use drive sea otter pathogen exposure in a resource-limited coastal system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(7), 2242-2247.
Larson, S., Jameson, R., Bodkin, J., Staedler, M., & Bentzen, P. (2002). Microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA variation in remnant and translocated sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations. Journal of Mammalogy, 83(3), 893-906.
Tinker, M. T., Doak, D. F., & Estes, J. A. (2008). Using demography and movement behavior to predict range expansion of the southern sea otter. Ecological Applications, 18(7), 1781-1794.
The Kelp Ecosystem
Rasher, Douglas B., et al. “Keystone predators govern the pathway and pace of climate impacts in a subarctic marine ecosystem.” Science 369.6509 (2020): 1351-1354.
Dayton, P. K., Tegner, M. J., Edwards, P. B., & Riser, K. L. (1998). Sliding baselines, ghosts, and reduced expectations in kelp forest communities. Ecological Applications, 8(2), 309-322.
Filbee-Dexter, K., & Scheibling, R. E. (2014). Sea urchin barrens as alternative stable states of collapsed kelp ecosystems. Marine ecology progress series, 495, 1-25.
Hamilton, S. L., & Caselle, J. E. (2015). Exploitation and recovery of a sea urchin predator has implications for the resilience of southern California kelp forests. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1799), 20141817.
Hamilton, S. L., Newsome, S. D., & Caselle, J. E. (2014). Dietary niche expansion of a kelp forest predator recovering from intense commercial exploitation. Ecology, 95(1), 164-172.
Pearse, J. S., & Hines, A. H. (1979). Expansion of a central California kelp forest following the mass mortality of sea urchins. Marine Biology, 51(1), 83-91.
Steneck, R. S., Graham, M. H., Bourque, B. J., Corbett, D., Erlandson, J. M., Estes, J. A., & Tegner, M. J. (2002). Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future. Environmental conservation, 29(4), 436-459.
Tegner, M. J., & Dayton, P. K. (1991). Sea urchins, El Ninos, and the long term stability of Southern California kelp forest communities. Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf, 77(1), 49-63.
Tegner, M. J., & Dayton, P. K. (1981). Population structure, recruitment and mortality of two sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and S. purpuratus) in a kelp forest. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 5(255), 68.
Oregon Sea Otters in Anthropology and Pre-History
Moss, M. L. (2020). Did Tlingit Ancestors Eat Sea Otters? Addressing Intellectual Property and Cultural Heritage through Zooarchaeology. American Antiquity, 85(2), 202-221.
Braje, T. J., & Rick, T. C. (Eds.). (2011). Human impacts on seals, sea lions, and sea otters: integrating archaeology and ecology in the Northeast Pacific. Univ of California Press.
Erlandson, J. M., Braje, T. J., Gill, K. M., & Graham, M. H. (2015). Ecology of the kelp highway: did marine resources facilitate human dispersal from Northeast Asia to the Americas?. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 10(3), 392-411.
Erlandson, J. M., Graham, M. H., Bourque, B. J., Corbett, D., Estes, J. A., & Steneck, R. S. (2007). The kelp highway hypothesis: marine ecology, the coastal migration theory, and the peopling of the Americas. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 2(2), 161-174.
Hall, R. L., Ebert, T. A., Gilden, J. S., Hatch, D. R., Mrakovcich, K. L., & Smith, C. L. (2012). Ecological baselines for Oregon’s coast: a report for agencies that manage Oregon’s coastal habitats for ecological and economic sustainability, and for all who are interested in the welfare of wildlife that inhabit our coast and its estuaries.
Hall, R. L. (2009). Background resources and references for “The Oregon Coast before the arrival of Europeans”.
Larson, S., Jameson, R., Etnier, M., Jones, T., & Hall, R. (2012). Genetic diversity and population parameters of sea otters, Enhydra lutris, before fur trade extirpation from 1741–1911. PLoS One, 7(3).
Lee Lyman, R. (1988). Zoogeography of Oregon coast marine mammals: The last 3,000 years. Marine Mammal Science, 4(3), 247-264.
Szpak, P., Orchard, T. J., McKechnie, I., & Gröcke, D. R. (2012). Historical ecology of late Holocene sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from northern British Columbia: isotopic and zooarchaeological perspectives. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(5), 1553-1571.
Valentine, K., Duffield, D. A., Patrick, L. E., Hatch, D. R., Butler, V. L., Hall, R. L., & Lehman, N. (2008). Ancient DNA reveals genotypic relationships among Oregon populations of the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). Conservation Genetics, 9(4), 933-938.
Books
Braje, T. J., & Rick, T. C. (Eds.). (2011). Human impacts on seals, sea lions, and sea otters: integrating archaeology and ecology in the Northeast Pacific. Univ of California Press.
Larson, S. E., Bodkin, J. L., & VanBlaricom, G. R. (Eds.). (2014). Sea otter conservation. Academic Press.
Kenyon, K. W. (1969). The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean (No. 68). US Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.
Terborgh, J., & Estes, J. A. (Eds.). (2013). Trophic cascades: predators, prey, and the changing dynamics of nature. Island Press.
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